Each missile battalion had four launchers. The first tactical Pershing unit was the 2nd Missile Battalion, 44th Artillery Regiment, followed by the 4th Missile Battalion, 41st Artillery Regiment deployed to SchwГ¤bisch GmГјnd and the 1st Missile Battalion, 81st Artillery to McCully Barracks in Wackernheim. Д®ach missile battalion organized at Fort Sill for deployment. Plans were for the organization of ten missile battalions: one at Fort Sill, one in Korea and eight in West Germany this was eventually reduced to one battalion at Fort Sill and three in West Germany. President Kennedy viewed Pershing three times: as part of the inaugural parade in 1961, at Fort Bragg on 12 October 1961, and at White Sands Missile Range in 1963. President Eisenhower viewed the Pershing missile when he visited Cape Canaveral on 11 February 1960, and at Fort Benning on as part of Project MAN (Modern Army Needs). The production version of the tactical missile was later designated as MGM-31A and the XMTM-31B designation was dropped. In June 1963, the XM14 and XM19 Pershing missiles were redesignated as XMGM-31A and XMTM-31B, respectively. For training there was an inert Pershing 1 missile designated XM19. The first launch from the tactical transporter erector launcher (TEL) was on 26 July 1960 (P-06). The first launch of the XM14 R&D Pershing 1 test missile (P-01) was on 25 February 1960. Martin's quality control manager for the Pershing, Phil Crosby developed the concept of Zero Defects that enhanced the production and reliability of the system. Arthur Rudolph, the Martin Company (later Martin Marietta after a merger in 1961) was awarded a CPFF (cost-plus-fixed-fee) contract for research, development, and first production of the Pershing system under the technical supervision and concept control of the government.

After a selection process by General Medaris and Dr. Chrysler was the only contractor from Michigan, but Medaris persuaded Brucker to leave the decision entirely in the hands of the ABMA. Brucker, the former governor of Michigan вЂ“ was apparently under pressure from his home state to award the contract to a company in Michigan. ABMA selected seven companies to develop engineering proposals: Chrysler, the Lockheed Corporation, the Douglas Aircraft Company, the Convair Division of General Dynamics, the Firestone Corp., the Sperry-Rand Company, and the Martin Company. The missile was initially called the Redstone-S, where the S meant solid propellant (and the name Redstone came from the Redstone missile it was supposed to replace), but renamed to Pershing in honor of General of the Armies John J. The United States Department of Defense (DoD) rescinded the memorandum in 1958 and ABMA began development of the class of ballistic missile. Army all missiles with a range of 200 miles (320В km) or more. Later that year, Secretary of Defense Charles Erwin Wilson issued the 'Wilson Memorandum' that removed from the U.S. Army began studies in 1956 for a ballistic missile with a range of about 500вЂ“750 nautical miles (930вЂ“1,390В km 580вЂ“860В mi). Edward Uhl, the co-inventor of the bazooka, was the vice-president and general manager of the new factory, which continues to operate today as the Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire Control facility. The Martin Company subsequently began construction of their Sand Lake facility in Orlando, Florida which opened in late 1957. Medaris noted that it would be helpful to the Army if there was a missile plant near the Air Force Missile Test Center (present-day Cape Canaveral Air Force Station) in Florida. George Bunker, president of the Martin Company, paid a courtesy call on General John Medaris, USA, of the Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA) at Redstone Arsenal, Alabama in 1956. Pershing missile (34.6 feet length, 460-mile range) and Redstone missile (69.3 feet length, 201-mile range) Army Missile Command (MICOM) managed the development and improvements while the Field Artillery Branch deployed the systems and developed tactical doctrine. Army replaced the Pershing 1a with the Pershing II Weapon System in 1983 while the German Air Force retained Pershing 1a until all Pershings were eliminated in 1991. Development began in 1958, with the first test missile fired in 1960, the Pershing 1 system deployed in 1963 and the improved Pershing 1a deployed in 1969. Pershing later replaced the European-based MGM-13 Mace cruise missiles deployed by the United States Air Force and the German Air Force. It was a solid-fueled two-stage ballistic missile designed and built by Martin Marietta to replace the PGM-11 Redstone missile as the primary nuclear-capable theater-level weapon of the United States Army and replaced the MGM-1 Matador cruise missiles operated by the German Air Force. The MGM-31A Pershing was the missile used in the Pershing 1 and Pershing 1a field artillery missile systems.

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